Compare Bouvet Island (2008) - Svalbard (2002)

Compare Bouvet Island (2008) z Svalbard (2002)

	Bouvet Island (2008)	Svalbard (2002)

Age structure	-	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Airports	-	4 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 49 sq km land: 49 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Norway designated Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters a nature reserve. Since 1977, it has run an automated meteorological station on the island.	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate	-	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	-	revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) (1998 est.)
Capital	-	Longyearbyen
Climate	antarctic	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline	29.6 km	3,587 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bouvet Island	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency	-	Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 population
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Disputes - international	none	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient	-	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview	no economic activity; declared a nature reserve	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Electricity - consumption	-	NA kWh
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Olav Peak 935 m	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	-	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates	-	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.9684 (January 2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports	-	$NA
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	the flag of Norway is used
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	54 26 S, 3 24 E	78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note	covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Highways	-	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$NA
Independence	-	none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Infant mortality rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	NA%
International organization participation	-	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Labor force	-	NA
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Russian, Norwegian
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	NA
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	-	NA
Location	island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references	Antarctic Region	Arctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Norway	demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
National holiday	-	NA
Natural hazards	NA	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources	none	coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate	-	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Population	uninhabited	2,868 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	-1.99% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	NA
Railways	-	0 km
Sex ratio	-	NA
Telephone system	-	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	NA
Television broadcast stations	-	NA
Terrain	volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate	-	NA children born/woman
Waterways	-	none

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